This book offers a modern look at transport processes in nanofluids, highlighting their unique properties and broad applications beyond thermal engineering. The author presents independent systematic data on all known types of nanofluids, derived from numerous experiments measuring transport coefficients. The book unambiguously formulates conclusions regarding the dependence of these coefficients on various factors such as nanoparticle concentration, size, type, and base fluid. The author shows mechanisms of transport processes through molecular dynamic modeling performed alongside experiments, and systematically studies the rheology of simple liquids and nanofluids. The chapter on hydrodynamic modeling of nanofluid flows emphasizes caution, discussing the limitations of using similarity criteria. Special data are accompanied by preliminary discussions of transport processes in simple and coarse dispersed liquids, making the book accessible and interesting for students, graduate students, engineers, and researchers.