Medicinal plants offer a promising alternative or complement to conventional therapies due to their natural origin, wide availability, and potential to provide a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. Bioactive compounds derived from these plants, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics, have shown diverse therapeutic activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer effects. The use of medicinal plants could provide safer, more holistic approaches to managing chronic and neurodegenerative diseases, reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes. By focusing on the applications of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds, this book aims to explore the untapped potential of natural products in combating some of the most challenging diseases affecting human health today. It will serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers, healthcare professionals, and students interested in the therapeutic use of plant-based compounds and contribute to the advancement of integrative medicine.