Recent advances in research have identified the mTOR signaling pathway as a promising therapeutic target for numerous ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and more. These conditions share common pathological features, such as oxidative stress, which leads to damage of key retinal cells like photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress but is also influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding this intricate relationship is essential for developing new treatments for retinal degeneration. This book emphasizes the role of mTOR-mediated autophagy (recycling) in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases, with a particular focus on the therapeutic potential of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, across various ocular conditions. With extensive insights from both basic and clinical research, the book explores the potential of mTORC1 inhibition for example in slowing myopia progression, as well as rapamycin's application in conditions like Graves ophthalmopathy, dry eye, uveitis, Sjogren's syndrome, geographic atrophy, and ocular solid tumors. For the first time, this book compiles key findings on the influence of mTOR signaling in ocular diseases, making it an invaluable resource for researchers, medical professionals, students, and those in the ophthalmology industry. It provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of targeting mTOR in eye diseases, offering critical insights into the ongoing research and future clinical applications.