This book reports on advances in fundamental and applied research at the interface between nanoscience, materials engineering, and biomedical applications. Gathering peer-reviewed contributions to the 7th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering, ICNBME 2025, held on October 7-10, 2025, in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, this first volume of the proceedings focuses on experimental and theoretical advances in nanostructured materials, with an emphasis on semiconducting oxides, hybrid nanocomposites, and functionalized nanoparticles tailored for use in medical sensing, diagnostics, and therapy. Special emphasis is placed on the integration of nanotechnologies with biological systems, highlighting the role of biocompatible materials in cellular engineering, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery. Several chapters deal with chemical and electrochemical sensors based on nanostructured oxides and polymer-coated composites, photonic nanocomposites, metamaterials, and direct holographic materials, as well as thermoelectric converters, energy-efficient oxide heterostructures, and eco-nanotechnologies. All in all, this book offers a timely snapshot of research and development of bio-nanotechnologies and biocompatible materials for various applications. .