This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Analysis of Images, Social Networks and Texts, AIST 2016, held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in April 2016. The 23 full papers, 7 short papers, and 3 industrial papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 142 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on machine learning and data analysis; social networks; natural language processing; analysis of images and video.