This book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, PROFES 2016, held in Trondheim, Norway, in November 2016. The 24 revised full papers presented together with 21 short papers, 1 keynote, 3 invited papers, 5 workshop papers. 2 doctoral symposium papers, and 6 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Early Phases in Software Engineering; Organizational Models; Architecture; Methods and Tools; Verification and Validation; Process Improvement; Speed and Agility in System Engineering; Requirements and Quality; Process and Repository Mining; Business Value and Benefits; Emerging Research Topics; and Future of Computing.