This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th Conference of the Spanish Association for Artificial Intelligence, CAEPIA 2016, held in Salamanca, Spain, in September 2016. The 47 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from 166 submissions. Apart from the presentation of technical full papers, the scientific program of CAEPIA 2016 included an App contest, a Doctoral Consortium and, as a follow-up to the success achieved in previously CAEPIA editions, a special session on outstanding recent papers (Key Works) already published in renowned journals or forums.