This volume contains the post-conference proceedings of the 10th Doctoral Workshop on Mathematical and Engineering Methods in Computer Science, MEMICS 2015, held in Telč, Czech Republic, in October 2015. The 10 thoroughly revised full papers were carefully selected out of 25 submissions and are presented together with 3 invited papers. The topics covered include: security and safety, bioinformatics, recommender systems, high-performance and cloud computing, and non-traditional computational models (quantum computing, etc.).