This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography, PQCrypto 2016, held in Fukuoka, Japan, in February 2016. The 16 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers cover all technical aspects of multivariate polynomial cryptography, code-based cryptography, lattice-based cryptography, quantum algorithms, post-quantum protocols, and implementations.