This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Cryptology in India, INDOCRYPT 2016, held in Kolkata, India, in December 2016. The 23 revised full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 84 submissions. The focus of the conference includes works on Public-Key Cryptography, Cryptographic Protocols, Side-Channel Attacks, Implementation of Cryptographic Schemes, Functional Encryption, Symmetric-Key Cryptanalysis, Foundations, and New Cryptographic Constructions.