chapter 1 Cell Membranes, Epithelial Barriers and Drug Absorption -- INTRODUCTIONTHE PLASMA MEMBRANE The phospholipid bilayer Dynamic behaviour of membranes -- chapter INTRODUCTION -- chapter Modulation of membrane fluidity by sterols -- chapter Membrane proteins -- chapter Desmosomes -- chapter TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES -- chapter 2 Parenteral Drug Delivery -- INTRAVENOUS DELIVERY Physiology Advantages and disadvantages of intravenous delivery -- chapter INTRODUCTION -- chapter Formulation considerations -- chapter Receptor-mediated transport -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 3 Drug Delivery to the Oral Cavity or Mouth -- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY The oral cavity The palate -- chapter ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY The oral cavity -- chapter The tongue -- chapter Functions of the oral mucosa -- chapter ABSORPTION OF DRUGS ACROSS THE ORAL MUCOSA -- chapter Dental systems -- chapter Analgesics -- chapter 4 Oesophageal Transit -- INTRODUCTIONAN ATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Oesophagus Gastro-oesophageal junction or cardia -- chapter INTRODUCTION -- chapter OESOPHAGEAL ADHESION OF DOSAGE FORMS -- chapter CONSEQUENCES OF ADHESION OF DOSAGE FORMS Delay in drug absorption -- chapter CONCLUSIONS -- chapter 5 The Stomach -- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Organisation of the stomach / chapter ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- chapter Gastric glands -- chapter Effect of disease on gastric emptying -- chapter 6 Drug Absorption from the Small Intestine ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE -- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE Gross morphology Mucosa Organisation of the mucosa -- chapter First-pass metabolism RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRUG ABSORPTION AND POSITION OF DOSE FORM Radio controlled capsule Absorption of drugs and foreign substances through the lymphatic system DRUG INDUCED DAMAGE REFERENCES ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE -- chapter Intestinal reserve length -- chapter Absorption of drugs and foreign substances through the lymphatic system -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 7 Drug Delivery to the Large Intestine and Rectum -- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLON Interspecies differences in structure -- chapter Antiemetics Antibacterial agents Xanthines Drugs in inflammatory bowel disease Cardiovascular active drugs Rectal irritation and damage CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES INTRODUCTION -- chapter Colonic structure -- chapter Dietary factors -- chapter Dosage forms for rectal delivery -- chapter 8 Transdermal Drug Delivery -- STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN Epidermis Dermis -- chapter INTRODUCTION -- chapter Epidermis -- chapter Dermis -- chapter PENETRATION ENHANCERS -- chapter 9 Nasal Drug Delivery -- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Nasal epithelia Nasal lymphatic system Nasal secretion -- chapter ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- chapter The nasal cycle -- chapter Sj�grens syndrome -- chapter Mechanisms to increase nasal residence time of formulations -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 10 Pulmonary Drug Delivery -- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM The lung Upper airway Structure of the tracheo-bronchial tree -- chapter DRUGS ADMINISTERED VIA THE PULMONARY ROUTE Anti-allergy agents Beta receptor agonists Adrenocorticosteroids Leukotriene inhibitors Other bronchodilating agents Mucolytics Systemically-absorbed drugs REFERENCES STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PULMONARY SYSTEM -- chapter Epithelium Upper airways -- chapter Lung permeability -- chapter Nebulizers -- chapter ASSESSMENT OF DEPOSITION BY GAMMA SCINTIGRAPHY -- chapter Labeling dry powder inhalers -- chapter Deposition patterns from different dose forms -- chapter Adrenocorticosteroids -- chapter 11 Ocular Drug Delivery -- STRUCTURE OF THE EYE Cornea Conjunctiva and sclera -- chapter INTRODUCTION -- chapter STRUCTURE OF THE EYE -- chapter Influence of instilled volume -- chapter Effect of systemically administered drugs -- chapter Sprays -- chapter Intraocular devices -- chapter 12 Vaginal and Interuterine Drug Delivery -- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Mucosa Blood and nerve supply Uterine and vaginal fluid -- chapter ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- chapter Blood and nerve supply -- chapter Enzymatic activity -- chapter Bioadhesive delivery systems.