1 The role of laboratory medicine in the clinical context -- 2 The laboratory diagnostic process -- 3 Elements of biomedical laboratory organization -- 4 The role of statistics in laboratory medicine -- 5 Elements of metrology -- 6 The pre-analytical phase -- 7 The quality of the laboratory result: SOURCES OF VARIABILITY, METHOD OF ASSESSMENT AND ESTIMATION OF THEIR CLINICAL IMPACT -- 8 Principles of Immunochemistry -- 9 General information on laboratory tests and biomarkers -- 10 Enzymes and their clinical use -- 11 Liver: from biochemistry to clinical biochemistry -- 12 Protein diagnostics -- 13 Biomarkers of the nutritional state -- 14 Dyslipidemia -- 15 Hematological diagnostics -- 16 Immunohematology -- 17 Hemostasis -- 18 Kidney -- 19 Physical, Chemical and morphological urine examination -- 20 Hydroelectrolytic disorders -- 21 Blood gas analysis -- 22 Cardiac biomarkers -- 23 Stroke biomarkers -- 24 Thrombophilia -- 25 Endocrine system -- 26 Diabetes mellitus: from definition to therapy -- 27 Diabetes mellitus: the role of the laboratory -- 28 Metabolic syndrome -- 29 Hypoglycemia -- 30 The role of laboratory in pregnancy -- 31 Hereditary metabolic diseases -- 32 Hyperphenylalaninemia, thyrosinemia, glycogenosis, hyperammoniemia -- 33 Circulating biomarkers in oncology: areas of application, critical issues and perspectives -- 34 Liquid biopsy -- 35 Biological fluids -- 36 Laboratory diagnostics of autoimmune diseases -- 37 Laboratory diagnostics in allergic diseases -- 38 Biomarkers of bone remodeling -- 39 Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative dementias -- 40 In vivo clinical biochemistry -- 41 Clinical biochemistry of the mind -- 42 Clinical molecular biology -- 43 Fever of unknown origin -- 44 Biomarkers of inflammation -- 45 Biomarkers of sepsis -- 46 Laboratory medicine and physical exercise -- 47 Clinical biochemistry of the physical exercise -- 48 Preoperative laboratory tests -- 49 The laboratory in urgency/emergency -- 50 Biological drugs -- 51 Mass spectrometry in clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine -- 52 Toxicology and analytical pharmacology -- 53 Pharmacotoxicology of substances of abuse -- 54 Applications of "omics" sciences in the laboratory -- 55 Covid-19 -- 56 From aging to healthy longevity: from an oxymoron to an hendiadys. Innovation in Medicine including Predictive Medicine and Laboratory Medicine approaches -- 57 Biobanks of biomedical interest -- 58 Health technology assessment in laboratory medicine.-APPENDIX A - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE APPROPRIATE VENOUS BLOOD COLLECTION.-APPENDIX B - TABLE OF REFERENCE AND DECISIONAL VALUES OF THE MAIN BIOMARKERS.