1. Overview -- 2. Retrospective -- 3. Beyond ancient history -- 4. The atmosphere -- 5. Milankovitch cycle(s) -- 6. Climate -- 7. Major environmental extinction events -- 8. Extinction events initiate change -- 9. Chicken Little was right -- 10. Fire down below -- 11. Constant extinction -- 12. Ecological succession -- 13. Extinction event significance -- 14. Environmental extinction and environmental creation -- 15. Environmental creation significance -- 16. The rest of the story -- 17. Environmentally AND genetically determined evolution -- 18. Alone -- 19. Genetic perspective -- 20. Genotype and phenotype -- 21. Alleles -- 22. Mutation -- 23. Phenotype and environment -- 24. Genetic constraint -- 25. Genetic variation -- 26. Environmental adaptation -- 27. A foundation of modern evolutionary biology -- 28. Difficulties on theory -- 29. Environmentally-determined evolution? -- 30. Macroevolution and microevolution -- 31. Philosophy of genetic mechanisms -- 32. Biochemistry of genetic mechanisms -- 33. Primary production -- 34. Respiration -- 35. Ecosystem energy flow -- 36. Common ground -- 37. Biodiversity -- 38. Habitat diversity -- 39. Overpopulation -- 40. Humanity -- 41. Do the math -- 42. The ongoing losses -- 43. A choice -- 44. Epilogue -- 45. Environment and evolution questions -- 46. Human population and resource questions.