List of Contributors xv -- About the Editors xix -- Preface xxiii -- 1 The Necessity for Modernizing the Coupled Structure of Intelligent Transportation Systems and Multi-Energy Networks 1 Mohammadreza Daneshvar, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, and Reza Razzaghi -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 Applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems 2 -- 1.3 Coupled Structure of ITSs and Multi-Energy Networks 5 -- 1.4 Summary 6 -- 2 Green Transportation Systems 8 Reza Gharibi, Behrooz Vahidi, and Rahman Dashti -- 2.1 Introduction 8 -- 2.2 History of Transportation 11 -- 2.3 Transportation Expansion Issues 12 -- 2.4 Definition of Green Transportation 17 -- 2.5 Advantages of Green Transportation 18 -- 2.6 International Agreements 18 -- 2.7 Challenges to GT 20 -- 2.8 Green Transportation's Effects on Multi-Energy Networks 25 -- 2.9 Implementation Strategies for the Green Transportation System 25 -- 2.10 New Technologies for Green Transportation 28 -- 2.11 Intelligent Transportation System 31 -- 2.11.1 Vehicle Communication in Intelligent Transportation 32 -- 2.12 Conclusion 33 -- 3 Techno-Economic-Environmental Assessment of Green Transportation Systems 39 M. Imran Azim, Mohsen Khorasany, and Reza Razzaghi -- 3.1 Introduction 39 -- 3.2 Technologies for Green Transportation Systems 42 -- 3.3 Economic Implications of Green Transportation Systems 47 -- 3.4 Environmental Implications of Green Transportation Systems 50 -- 3.5 Conclusion 53 -- 4 Urban Integrated Sustainable Transportation Networks 59 Syed Muhammad Nawazish Ali, Saman Ahmadi, Ali Moradi Amani, and Mahdi Jalili -- 4.1 Introduction 59 -- 4.2 Necessity of Sustainable Transportation 62 -- 4.3 Challenges and Opportunities Associated with the Implementation of Sustainable Transportation 65 -- 4.4 Modes of Sustainable Transportation 70 -- 4.5 Sustainable Transportation in Modern Urban Advancement 74 -- 4.6 Infrastructure for Sustainable Transportation 77 -- 4.7 Conclusion 84 -- 5 Multi-Energy Technologies in Green and Integrated Transportation Networks 92 M. Edwin, M. Saranya Nair, and S. Joseph Sekhar -- 5.1 Introduction 92 -- 5.2 Definition of Green Transportation 94 -- 5.3 Technological Development and Managerial Integration for Green Transportation 94 -- 5.4 Definition and Features of Integrated Multi-Energy System 99 -- 5.5 Electric Vehicle Integration with Renewable Energy Sources 102 -- 5.6 Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery Vehicle Systems 104 -- 5.7 Barriers and Challenges 108 -- 5.8 Conclusion 110 -- 6 Flexible Operation of Power-To-X Energy Systems in Transportation Networks 117 Hessam Golmohamadi -- 6.1 Introduction 118 -- 6.2 Power to Hydrogen 124 -- 6.3 Power to Methane 129 -- 6.4 Power to Chemical (P2C) 134 -- 6.5 Power to Heat (P2H) 142 -- 6.6 Power to Transport (P2T) 143 -- 6.7 Power Demand Flexibility 145 -- 6.8 Conclusion 148 -- 7 Integration of Electric Vehicles into Multi-energy Systems 165 Samaneh Sadat Sajjadi, Ali Moradi Amani, Nawazish Ali, and Mahdi Jalili -- 7.1 Introduction 166 -- 7.2 Multi-energy Systems Structure 169 -- 7.3 Integration of EVs in MES 184 -- 7.4 Conclusion 204 -- 8 Self-Driving Vehicle Systems in Intelligent Transportation Networks 217 Yigit Cagatay Kuyu -- 8.1 Introduction 217 -- 8.2 Brief History 218 -- 8.3 Literature Review 220 -- 8.4 Advantages and Challenges 220 -- 8.5 Sensing 221 -- 8.6 Perception 223 -- 8.7 Planning and Control 227 -- 8.8 Conclusion 230 -- 9 Energy Storage Technologies and Control Systems for Electric Vehicles 237 Mariem Ahmed Baba, Mohamed Naoui, and Mohamed Cherkaoui -- 9.1 Introduction 238 -- 9.2 Fuel Cell 239 -- 9.3 Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles 245 -- 9.4 Overview of Brushless Motor 249 -- 9.5 BLDC Motor Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles 252 -- 9.6 Simulation Results 256 -- 9.7 Environnemental Impact of EVs 257 -- 9.8 EVs and Modern Technologies 258 -- 9.9 Challenges and Perspectives of EVs 260 -- 9.10 Conclusion 260 -- 10 Electric Vehicle Path Towards Sustainable Transportation: A Comprehensive Structure 266 Vikas Khare, Ankita Jain, and Miraj Ahmed Bhuiyan -- 10.1 Introduction 266 -- 10.2 Optimum Design of EVs 269 -- 10.3 Characterization of EV Battery System 273 -- 10.4 Control System of EVs 278 -- 10.5 Reliability Assessment of EV 281 -- 10.6 Assessment of EV Charging Station 282 -- 10.7 Worldwide Policy Framework for EV 287 -- 10.8 Electric Vehicles on the Sustainability and Reliability of Transportation Network 290 -- 10.9 Recent Trends and Future Challenges 291 -- 11 Electric Vehicle Charging Management in Parking Structures 301 Tania Panayiotou, Michalis Mavrovouniotis, and Georgios Ellinas -- 11.1 Introduction 301 -- 11.2 EV Charging Management Schemes 302 -- 11.3 Fair Charging Management 304 -- 11.4 Delay-Fair Charging Management 307 -- 11.5 QoS-Fair Charging Management 315 -- 11.6 Closing Remarks 320 -- 12 Multi-Energy Management Schemes for the Sustainability of Intelligent Interconnected Transportation Systems 325 M. Edwin, M. C. Eniyan, M. Saranya Nair, and G. Antony Miraculas -- 12.1 Introduction 325 -- 12.2 History of Transportation System - Overview 328 -- 12.3 Concept of IITS 328 -- 12.4 Barriers to Successful Implementation of IITS 331 -- 12.5 Intelligent Modern Energy Transport Systems 332 -- 12.6 Role of Multi-Energy Management Schemes for the Sustainability of Transportation Networks 334 -- 12.7 Result Discussion, Current Challenges, and Future Research Opportunities 338 -- 12.8 Conclusion 341 -- 13 Blockchain-Based Financial and Economic Analysis of Green Vehicles: Path Towards Intelligent Transportation 344 Ankita Jain and Vikas Khare -- 13.1 Introduction 344 -- 13.2 Country-Wise Financial Analysis of EVs 346 -- 13.3 Key Financial Ratio for Financial Analysis of EVs 353 -- 13.4 Cost Assessment of EVs with Different Parameters 357 -- 13.5 Financial and Economic Analysis of Green Vehicle Infrastructure by Blockchain 368 -- 13.6 Applicability of Different Blockchain Cryptocurrencies in EV Transaction 374 -- 13.7 Challenges and Advantages of Using Blockchain for EVs 374 -- 13.8 Conclusion 375 -- 14 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Toward Intelligent Transportation Systems 379 Fereidoun H. Panahi and Farzad H. Panahi -- 14.1 Introduction 380 -- 14.2 WSN for ITSs: The Energy Supply Issue and Existing Solutions 382 -- 14.3 UAV-Based WRSN Charging Scheme for ITSs 383 -- 14.4 Challenges and Advantages of Using UAVs in WRSN-Based ITSs 384 -- 14.5 Simulation Results 389 -- 14.6 Conclusions 394 -- 15 Autonomous Vehicle Systems in Intelligent Interconnected Transportation Networks 400 Christos Chronis, Konstantinos Tserpes, and Iraklis Varlamis -- 15.1 Introduction 400 -- 15.2 Related Work 403 -- 15.3 Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving Personalization 412 -- 15.4 Federated Reinforcement Learning 415 -- 15.5 Experimental Evaluation of Driving Personalization Using Federated RL 419 -- 15.6 Discussion 424 -- 15.7 Conclusions 425 -- Acknowledgment 426 -- References 426 -- Index 432.