Front cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The ELEKTA Stereotactic Body Frame -- INTRODUCTION -- SYSTEM DESCRIPTION -- Patient Fixation -- The Stereotactic Reference System -- Breathing Control -- Dose Absorption of the SBF -- ACCURACY OF PATIENT AND TARGET REPRODUCIBILITY IN THE SBF -- TREATMENT PLANNING AND DELIVERY Patient Positioning in the SBF and CT-Planning Study -- Target Definition and 3D-Treatment Planning -- Target Verification and Irradiation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 3 Novalis -- INTRODUCTION -- SYSTEM DESCRIPTION -- PATIENT POSITIONING Description -- VERIFICATION AND CLINICAL VALIDATION Phantom Measurements -- Patient Studies -- Table 1 Average Residual Setup Error (mm) and Standard Deviation (in Parenth-eses) -- Table 2 Percentage of Moderate (5mm) and Large (10 mm) Errors for the -- Discussion -- TREATMENT PLANNING AND TREATMENT DELIVERY Dynamic Arc -- IMRS -- TREATMENT VERIFICATION The AZ-VUB Approach -- The UCLA Approach -- TREATMENT OF MOVING TARGETS -- CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE TECHNIQUE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Whole-Body Radiosurgery with the CyberKnife -- INTRODUCTION -- Technological Limitations -- Why Image-Guided Robotic Radiosurgery? -- Related Work -- SYSTEM OVERVIEW -- INVERSE PLANNING -- Phase 1: Node Selection -- Phase 2: Beam Weighting -- RESPIRATION TRACKING -- CLINICAL TRIALS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 5 Serial Tomotherapeutic Approaches to Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy -- SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION -- PATIENT IMMOBILIZATION AND ALIGNMENT -- TREATMENT PLANNING -- Case Report -- TREATMENT VERIFICATION -- TREATMENT OF MOVING TARGETS -- LOGISTICS OF THE METHOD -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Anatomical and Biological Imaging -- INTRODUCTION -- APPROPRIATE SELECTION OF PATIENTS.

The Role of Imaging in the Selection of Patients with Lung Cancer -- The Role of Imaging in the Selection of Patients with Hepatic Malignancies -- The Role of Imaging in the Selection of Patients with Vertebral Metastases -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TARGET DEFINITION -- GENERATING REPRESENTATIVE PLANNING CT SCANS -- Full Characterization and Incorporation of Internal Mobility -- Minimizing Respiratory Motion -- Respiratory Gating -- Tumor Tracking Radiotherapy -- REPEATED TREATMENT PLANNING IN BETWEEN FRACTIONS -- SITE SPECIFIC COMMENTS Table: Site-Specific Aspects of Imaging for ECSRT -- FOLLOW-UP IMAGING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Radiobiological Considerations of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy -- INTRODUCTION: CLINICAL RADIOBIOLOGY AS A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM -- RADIOBIOLOGY PROBLEM ALONG THE TEMPORAL DOMAIN: TIME, DOSE, AND FRACTIONATION -- The 4 Rs of Fractionation Radiobiology -- Empirical Power-Laws -- Mechanistic Models and Cell Survival Curves -- Biologically Effective Dose (BED) -- The Incomplete Repair Model -- TCP and NTCP -- FROM TEMPORAL PROBLEM TO SPATIAL CONSIDERATION: THE ''DOUBLE-TROUBLE'' EFFECT -- RADIOBIOLOGY PROBLEM ALONG THE SPATIAL DOMAIN: THE VOLUME EFFECT -- Partial Organ Irradiation and Heterogeneous Dose Distribution -- Tissue Organization -- RADIOBIOLOGY PROBLEM IN FOUR-DIMENSIONS -- Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD) -- Equivalent Uniform Biologically Equivalent Dose (EUBED) -- SPECIFIC ISSUES REGARDING SRS AND SRT -- General Guidelines in Choosing SRS vs. SRT -- Tumor Debulking with SRS vs. Radical Field Coverage -- Treatment Field Margins -- Unconventional Fractionation for SRT -- Coverage, Homogeneity, and Conformality -- NOTE ADDED IN PROOF Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) -- Dose Response for Subclinical Disease -- The Role of Ultra-Precision Oriented Radiation Therapy in Cancer Medicine.

Table 1 Comparison for Five-Year Survival Rates Between Local and Systemic -- REFERENCES -- 8 Stereotactic Radiation Therapy of Liver Tumors -- INTRODUCTION -- INCIDENCE -- THE ROLE OF STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIATION THERAPY IN THE MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TREATMENT ARSENAL -- ORGAN-SPECIFIC DIFFICULTIES Organ Motion -- Imaging for Treatment Planning and Setup Assessment Prior to Treatment Delivery -- DOSES AND CLINICAL OUTCOME -- Dose Escalation in the Normal Liver -- PARTIAL LIVER-RADIATION USING STEREOTACTIC SETUP Hypofractionation -- Radiosurgery -- ONGOING STUDIES -- Table 1 Target Doses and Normal Tissue Constraints for the German Prospective -- FUTURE RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- 9 Stereotactic Radiotherapy of Lung Tumors -- INTRODUCTION -- Indications -- Table 1 Suggested Indications for Stereotactic Irradiation of Pulmonary Tumors -- Standard Treatment for Pulmonary Tumors Amenable for Stereotactic Irradiation NSCLC Stage I/II -- LUNG METASTASES -- RADIOBIOLOGY Normal Tissue Considerations -- Tumor Control Considerations -- RADIATION TOLERANCE OF PULMONARY TISSUES -- Table 2 RTOG Proposed Radiation Tolerances of Thoracic Normal Tissue -- Treatment Delivery -- Target Definition -- Treatment Planning -- Tissue Heterogeneity Issues -- TREATMENT OUTCOME -- Single Dose Irradiation -- Hypofractionation with 3-4 Fractions -- Hypofractionation with 5-15 Fractions -- Target Volume -- LOCAL CONTROL AND SURVIVAL -- Toxicity -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Prostate Tumors -- THE TEKNON EXPERIENCE INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE Rationale for Dose Escalation in Curative Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer -- Optimization of Target Repositioning Reproducibility May Lead to Treatment Volume Reduction -- Non-Uniform Tumor Cell Distribution Within the Prostate -- Radiobiology of Prostate Cancer: Hypofractionation.

HYPOFRACTIONATED BOOST WITH INTENSITY MODULATED X-RAY BEAMS UNDER STEREOTACTIC CONDITIONS: A PILOT STUDY Preliminary Considerations -- Clinical Material -- Table 1 Patient Distribution According to Clinical Stage, -- Treatment Description -- Boost (PTV2) Treatment Planning -- Treatment Planning Quality Assurance Procedure -- Patient Immobilization -- Preliminary Results: Feasibility, Treatment Tolerance, and Outcome -- Table 2 RTOG/EORTC Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring System -- Quality Assessment on Patient and Target Repositioning Reproducibility -- Table 3 Acute Urinary Toxicity According to Boost Dose (EORTC Score) -- Table 4 Acute Rectal Toxicity According to Boost Dose (EORTC Score) -- Table 5 Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring System -- Table 6 Late Urinary Toxicity According to Boost Dose (SOMA) -- Table 7 Late Rectal Toxicity According to Boost Dose (RTOG Score) -- FINAL COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS -- THE AZ-VUB EXPERIENCE INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE -- TREATMENT PROTOCOL AND IRRADIATION TECHNIQUE -- CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP -- Table 8 Characteristics of the First 100 Patients Treated on the Novalis System at -- Table 9 Acute Toxicity Observed on 100 Patients Treated -- REFERENCES -- 11 ECSRT for Spinal Tumors -- INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL INDICATIONS Tumors of the Spine and the Spinal Cord -- Radiosurgery of the Spine -- Table 1 History of Spine Stereotaxy -- TECHNIQUES FOR SPINAL RADIOSURGERY -- Immobilization and Simulation -- Treatment Planning -- Patient Setup and Target Localization -- Treatment Delivery -- Treatment Verification and Quality Assurance -- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES Clinical Feasibility Study -- Dosimetric Consideration of Spinal Cord Dose -- Clinical Outcome in Single Spinal Metastasis -- Treatment Failure and Complications -- Treatment of Recurrent Spinal Metastasis -- Radiosurgery of Primary Spinal Tumors.

Current Practice at Henry Ford Hospital -- Table 2 HFH Spinal Radiosurgery for Spinal Metastasis -- REFERENCES -- 12 Stereotactic Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND Stereotactic Radiosurgery -- Stereotactic Radiotherapy-Fractionated -- TECHNIQUE AND INDICATIONS Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy -- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma -- Chemodectoma -- Paranasal Sinus Carcinomas -- Skin Carcinoma-Perineural Spread -- Chordomas -- Retinoblastoma -- HN Tumors -- Stereotactic Radiosurgery -- INCIDENCE -- ORGAN SITE-SPECIFIC DIFFICULTIES -- FRACTIONATED DOSE SELECTION -- TREATMENT DELIVERY Stereotactic Radiosurgery -- Fractionated Stereotactic -- LOGISTICS -- FUTURE USE AND RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- Index -- Back cover.