Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Different Types of Cross-linguistic Similarities -- Chapter 3. Learner Expectations, On-line Comprehension and Receptive Learning -- Chapter 4. Cross-linguistic Similarities in Comprehension and Production: The Mental Lexicon -- Chapter 5. Transfer: The Use of Cross-linguistic Similarities. The Finnish Scene -- Chapter 6. Tests of English Comparing Finnish and Swedish Speakers in Finland -- Chapter 7. Levels of Transfer: Items and Procedures (Systems) -- Chapter 8. Item Transfer in Production: Areas of Language -- Chapter 9. Skill Theory, Automaticity and Foreign Language Learning -- Chapter 10. Development of Foreign Language Learning -- Chapter 11. Consequences for Teaching -- Chapter 12. Further Research Needed -- Chapter 13. Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Index of Persons Cited