About the Authors xiii -- List of Abbreviations xvii -- Preface xix -- Acknowledgment xxi -- About the Companion Website xxiii -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 General Remarks 1 -- 1.2 Basic Closed-Loop Control for Power Converters 3 -- 1.3 Mathematical Modeling of Power Converters 4 -- 1.4 Basic Control Objectives 6 -- 1.4.1 Closed-Loop Stability 6 -- 1.4.2 Settling Time 10 -- 1.4.3 Steady-State Error 11 -- 1.4.4 Robustness to Parameter Variations and Disturbances 12 -- 1.5 Performance Evaluation 12 -- 1.5.1 Simulation-Based Method 12 -- 1.5.2 Experimental Method 13 -- 1.6 Contents of the Book 13 -- References 15 -- 2 Introduction to Advanced Control Methods 17 -- 2.1 Classical Control Methods for Power Converters 17 -- 2.2 Sliding Mode Control 18 -- 2.3 Lyapunov Function-Based Control 22 -- 2.3.1 Lyapunov's Linearization Method 23 -- 2.3.2 Lyapunov's Direct Method 24 -- 2.4 Model Predictive Control 27 -- 2.4.1 Functional Principle 27 -- 2.4.2 Basic Concept 28 -- 2.4.3 Cost Function 29 -- References 30 -- 3 Design of Sliding Mode Control for Power Converters 33 -- 3.1 Introduction 33 -- 3.2 Sliding Mode Control of DC-DC Buck and Cuk Converters 33 -- 3.3 Sliding Mode Control Design Procedure 44 -- 3.3.1 Selection of Sliding Surface Function 44 -- 3.3.2 Control Input Design 46 -- 3.4 Chattering Mitigation Techniques 48 -- 3.4.1 Hysteresis Function Technique 48 -- 3.4.2 Boundary Layer Technique 49 -- 3.4.3 State Observer Technique 50 -- 3.5 Modulation Techniques 51 -- 3.5.1 Hysteresis Modulation Technique 51 -- 3.5.2 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Technique 52 -- 3.5.3 Space Vector Modulation Technique 53 -- 3.6 Other Types of Sliding Mode Control 54 -- 3.6.1 Terminal Sliding Mode Control 54 -- 3.6.2 Second-Order Sliding Mode Control 54 -- References 55 -- 4 Design of Lyapunov Function-Based Control for Power Converters 59 -- 4.1 Introduction 59 -- 4.2 Lyapunov-Function-Based Control Design Using Direct Method 59 -- 4.3 Lyapunov Function-Based Control of DC-DC Buck Converter 62 -- 4.4 Lyapunov Function-Based Control of DC-DC Boost Converter 67 -- References 71 -- 5 Design of Model Predictive Control 73 -- 5.1 Introduction 73 -- 5.2 Predictive Control Methods 73 -- 5.3 FCS Model Predictive Control 75 -- 5.3.1 Design Procedure 76 -- 5.3.2 Tutorial 1: Implementation of FCS-MPC for Three-Phase VSI 80 -- 5.4 CCS Model Predictive Control 86 -- 5.4.1 Incremental Models 86 -- 5.4.2 Predictive Model 88 -- 5.4.3 Cost Function in CCSMPC 92 -- 5.4.4 Cost Function Minimization 93 -- 5.4.5 Receding Control Horizon Principle 96 -- 5.4.6 Closed-Loop of an MPC System 97 -- 5.4.7 Discrete Linear Quadratic Regulators 97 -- 5.4.8 Formulation of the Constraints in MPC 99 -- 5.4.9 Optimization with Equality Constraints 103 -- 5.4.10 Optimization with Inequality Constraints 105 -- 5.4.11 MPC for Multi-Input Multi-Output Systems 108 -- 5.4.12 Tutorial 2: MPC Design For a Grid-Connected VSI in dq Frame 109 -- 5.5 Design and Implementation Issues 112 -- 5.5.1 Cost Function Selection 112 -- 5.5.1.1 Examples for Primary Control Objectives 113 -- 5.5.1.2 Examples for Secondary Control Objectives 114 -- 5.5.2 Weighting Factor Design 114 -- 5.5.2.1 Empirical Selection Method 115 -- 5.5.2.2 Equal-Weighted Cost-Function-Based Selection Method 116 -- 5.5.2.3 Lookup Table-Based Selection Method 117 -- References 118 -- 6 MATLAB/Simulink Tutorial on Physical Modeling and Experimental Setup 121 -- 6.1 Introduction 121 -- 6.2 Building Simulation Model for Power Converters 121 -- 6.2.1 Building Simulation Model for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Sliding Mode Control 122 -- 6.2.2 Building Simulation Model for Three-Phase Rectifier Based on Lyapunov-Function-Based Control 126 -- 6.2.3 Building Simulation Model for Quasi-Z Source Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter Based on Model Predictive Control 131 -- 6.2.4 Building Simulation Model for Distributed Generations in Islanded AC Microgrid 137 -- 6.3 Building Real-Time Model for a Single-Phase T-Type Rectifier 142 -- 6.4 Building Rapid Control Prototyping for a Single-Phase T-Type Rectifier 154 -- 6.4.1 Components in the Experimental Testbed 155 -- 6.4.1.1 Grid Simulator 155 -- 6.4.1.2 A Single-Phase T-Type Rectifier Prototype 156 -- 6.4.1.3 Measurement Board 157 -- 6.4.1.4 Programmable Load 158 -- 6.4.1.5 Controller 158 -- 6.4.2 Building Control Structure on OP- 5707 158 -- References 162 -- 7 Sliding Mode Control of Various Power Converters 163 -- 7.1 Introduction 163 -- 7.2 Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter with LCL Filter 163 -- 7.2.1 Mathematical Modeling of Grid-Connected Inverter with LCL Filter 164 -- 7.2.2 Sliding Mode Control 165 -- 7.2.3 PWM Signal Generation Using Hysteresis Modulation 168 -- 7.2.3.1 Single-Band Hysteresis Function 168 -- 7.2.3.2 Double-Band Hysteresis Function 168 -- 7.2.4 Switching Frequency Computation 170 -- 7.2.4.1 Switching Frequency Computation with Single-Band Hysteresis Modulation 170 -- 7.2.4.2 Switching Frequency Computation with Double-Band Hysteresis Modulation 171 -- 7.2.5 Selection of Control Gains 172 -- 7.2.6 Simulation Study 174 -- 7.2.7 Experimental Study 177 -- 7.3 Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter with LCL Filter 180 -- 7.3.1 Physical Model Equations for a Three-Phase Grid-Connected VSI with an LCL Filter 181 -- 7.3.2 Control System 182 -- 7.3.2.1 Reduced State-Space Model of the Converter 183 -- 7.3.2.2 Model Discretization and KF Adaptive Equation 187 -- 7.3.2.3 Sliding Surfaces with Active Damping Capability 188 -- 7.3.3 Stability Analysis 189 -- 7.3.3.1 Discrete-Time Equivalent Control Deduction 189 -- 7.3.3.2 Closed-Loop System Equations 191 -- 7.3.3.3 Test of Robustness Against Parameters Uncertainties 192 -- 7.3.4 Experimental Study 192 -- 7.3.4.1 Test of Robustness Against Grid Inductance Variations 192 -- 7.3.4.2 Test of Stability in Case of Grid Harmonics Near the Resonance Frequency 196 -- 7.3.4.3 Test of the VSI Against Sudden Changes in the Reference Current 196 -- 7.3.4.4 Test of the VSI Under Distorted Grid 198 -- 7.3.4.5 Test of the VSI Under Voltage Sags 198 -- 7.3.5 Computational Load and Performances of the Control Algorithm 199 -- 7.4 Three-Phase AC-DC Rectifier 200 -- 7.4.1 Nonlinear Model of the Unity Power Factor Rectifier 200 -- 7.4.2 Problem Formulation 202 -- 7.4.3 Axis-Decoupling Based on an Estimator 203 -- 7.4.4 Control System 205 -- 7.4.4.1 Kalman Filter 206 -- 7.4.4.2 Practical Considerations: Election of Q and R Matrices 208 -- 7.4.4.3 Practical Considerations: Computational Burden Reduction 208 -- 7.4.5 Sliding Mode Control 209 -- 7.4.5.1 Inner Control Loop 209 -- 7.4.5.2 Outer Control Loop 210 -- 7.4.6 Hysteresis Band Generator with Switching Decision Algorithm 212 -- 7.4.7 Experimental Study 215 -- 7.5 Three-Phase Transformerless Dynamic Voltage Restorer 224 -- 7.5.1 Mathematical Modeling of Transformerless Dynamic Voltage Restorer 224 -- 7.5.2 Design of Sliding Mode Control for TDVR 225 -- 7.5.3 Time-Varying Switching Frequency with Single-Band Hysteresis 227 -- 7.5.4 Constant Switching Frequency with Boundary Layer 229 -- 7.5.5 Simulation Study 231 -- 7.5.6 Experimental Study 233 -- 7.6 Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter 240 -- 7.6.1 Nonlinear Model of the SAPF 240 -- 7.6.2 Problem Formulation 242 -- 7.6.3 Control System 243 -- 7.6.3.1 State Model of the Converter 243 -- 7.6.3.2 Kalman Filter 245 -- 7.6.3.3 Sliding Mode Control 246 -- 7.6.3.4 Hysteresis Band Generator with SDA 247 -- 7.6.4 Experimental Study 248 -- 7.6.4.1 Response of the SAPF to Load Variations 249 -- 7.6.4.2 SAPF Performances Under a Distorted Grid 253 -- 7.6.4.3 SAPF Performances Under Grid Voltage Sags 254 -- 7.6.4.4 Spectrum of the Control Signal 254 -- References 257 -- 8 Design of Lyapunov Function-Based Control of Various Power Converters 261 -- 8.1 Introduction 261 -- 8.2 Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter with LCL Filter 261 -- 8.2.1 Mathematical Modeling and Controller Design 261 -- 8.2.2 Controller Modification with Capacitor Voltage Feedback 264 -- 8.2.3 Inverter-Side Current Reference Generation Using Proportional- Resonant Controller 264 -- 8.2.4 Grid Current Transfer Function 266 -- 8.2.5 Harmonic Attenuation and Harmonic Impedance 267 -- 8.2.6 Results 270 -- 8.3 Single-Phase Quasi-Z-Source Grid-Connected Inverter with LCL Filter 277 -- 8.3.1 Quasi-Z-Source Network Modeling 277 -- 8.3.2 Grid-Connected Inverter Modeling 280 -- 8.3.3 Control of Quasi-Z-Source Network 281 -- 8.3.4 Control of Grid-Connected Inverter 281 -- 8.3.5 Reference

Generation Using Cascaded PR Control 282 -- 8.3.6 Results 283 -- 8.4 Single-Phase Uninterruptible Power Supply Inverter 287 -- 8.4.1 Mathematical Modeling of Uninterruptible Power Supply Inverter 287 -- 8.4.2 Controller Design 288 -- 8.4.3 Criteria for Selecting Control Parameters 290 -- 8.4.4 Results 292 -- 8.5 Three-Phase Voltage-Source AC-DC Rectifier 298 -- 8.5.1 Mathematical Modeling of Rectifier 298 -- 8.5.2 Controller Design 301 -- 8.5.3 Results 304 -- References 307 -- 9 Model Predictive Control of Various Converters 309 -- 9.1 CCS MPC Method for a Three-Phase Grid-Connected VSI 309 -- 9.1.1 Model Predictive Control Design 310 -- 9.1.1.1 VSI Incremental Model with an Embedded Integrator 310 -- 9.1.1.2 Predictive Model of the Converter 311 -- 9.1.1.3 Cost Function Minimization 312 -- 9.1.1.4 Inclusion of Constraints 313 -- 9.1.2 MATLAB ® /Simulink ® Implementation 315 -- 9.1.3 Simulation Studies 322 -- 9.2 Model Predictive Control Method for Single-Phase Three-Level Shunt Active Filter 325 -- 9.2.1 Modeling of Shunt Active Filter (SAPF) 325 -- 9.2.2 The Energy-Function-Based MPC 328 -- 9.2.2.1 Design of Energy-Function-Based MPC 328 -- 9.2.2.2 Discrete-Time Model 331 -- 9.2.3 Experimental Studies 332 -- 9.2.3.1 Steady-State and Dynamic Response Tests 333 -- 9.2.3.2 Comparison with Class ...