Introduction: Diversity and Evolution of Urban -- Mobility Systems xiii Gaële LESTEVEN -- Part 1 Urban Mobility and Socio-Economic Characteristics -- Chapter 1 Getting Around the City: Overview of Urban Mobility Around the World 3 Gaële LESTEVEN -- 1.1 Describing urban mobility systems -- 1.1.1 Definitions -- 1.1.2 Population growth and urban transition -- 1.1.3 Mobility and urban forms -- 1.1.4 Social trends -- 1.2 Observing urban mobility -- 1.2.1 Household equipment and personal mobility -- 1.2.2 A diversity of modal share -- 1.3 Modes of transport: areas of relevance, urban planning and local policies -- 1.3.1 The predominance of private cars -- 1.3.2 High urban density and public transport -- 1.3.3 Active transport in the heart of the city -- 1.4 Conclusion -- 1.5 References -- Chapter 2 Unevenly Distributed Mobility, Spotlight on Brazil 23 Benjamin MOTTE-BAUMVOL -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Income and access to the automobile, main determinants of low mobility -- 2.2.1 Decreasing inequalities of motorization -- 2.2.2 Decoupling of motorization and automotive mobility -- 2.2.3 Automobile dependency as a source of inequalities -- 2.3 Low mobility as a source of exclusion -- 2.4 The effects of accessibility and low densities -- 2.5 Room for maneuver with respect to transport poverty -- 2.6 In Brazil, increased inequality and transport poverty? -- 2.6.1 Low mobility, a question of measurement? -- 2.6.2 With motorization, inequalities in mobility increase -- 2.6.3 Slow public transport -- 2.6.4 Geographical confinement -- 2.6.5 Highly mobile poor neighborhoods -- 2.7 Conclusion -- 2.8 References -- Chapter 3 Going Out Without Getting By? Mobility and Poverty in Dakar 45 Lourdes DIAZ OLVERA, Didier PLAT and Pascal POCHET -- 3.1 Field and tools -- 3.2 Who are the poor? -- 3.3 A specific mobility in situations of poverty -- 3.3.1 Essential mobility -- 3.3.2 Costly mobility -- 3.3.3 Local mobility -- 3.4 Going to study: degraded conditions of access to institutions -- 3.5 Shopping for food: a little further, a little less easy -- 3.6 Living in the outskirts, working in the neighborhood instead of downtown Dakar -- 3.7 Restricted access to the city -- 3.8 Conclusion -- 3.9 References -- Chapter 4 Children's Mobility: Comparative Perspectives Between France and Quebec 67 Sylvanie GODILLON -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Children as mainly passengers in individual motorized modes -- 4.2.1 School as structuring family organization -- 4.2.2 The predominance of motorized modes for getting to school -- 4.2.3 Walking and cycling, modes used less and less -- 4.3 Important health, safety and environmental issues -- 4.3.1 Physical inactivity impacts children's health -- 4.3.2 Parental fears of accidents and assaults -- 4.3.3 A difficult but necessary change faced with climate issues -- 4.4 Actions to encourage modal change for daily mobility -- 4.4.1 Organizing accompaniment of children on foot -- 4.4.2 Pedestrianizing the streets around schools -- 4.4.3 Developing children's cycling skills -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 4.6 References -- Part 2 Urban Public Transport -- Chapter 5 Mobility, Public Transportation and Super-Aging in Japan 85 Sophie BUHNIK -- 5.1 Introduction: Japan or the efficiency of urban transport faced with super-aging -- 5.2 Geographies of super-aging in Japan and their influence on public transport networks and daily mobilities -- 5.2.1 The deepening depopulation of Japan's peripheries -- 5.2.2 An aging of suburban fringes reinforced by changes in residential preferences -- 5.3 The influence of passengers' sociodemographic characteristics and location on transportation reconfigurations -- 5.3.1 Changes in rail traffic: key figures and explanations -- 5.3.2 Unpacking the factors behind the rise in motorization rates in aging and shrinking Japan -- 5.4 Seniors' exposure to urban decline and the changing role of station neighborhoods in aging agglomerations -- 5.4.1 Attachment to station neighborhoods tested by the decline in rail traffic and commercial devitalization -- 5.4.2 Between automobile dependence and new places of sociability for senior suburban households -- 5.4.3 Questioning the present and future strategies of railway companies -- 5.5 Maintaining accessibility in aging cities and regions: transport policies at the crossroads of care and local autonomy -- 5.5.1 Integration of public and private actors in compact city policies -- 5.5.2 Institutionalization of volunteering to curb the shrinkage of transport -- 5.6 Conclusion -- 5.7 References -- Chapter 6 From Calcutta to Delhi and Hyderabad: Genealogy of Indian Metros 113 Bérénice BON -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The first metro in Calcutta: jewel for rail engineers, burden for urban policies -- 6.2.1 The birth of the Calcutta metro: emerging urban transport policies across India -- 6.2.2 The Calcutta metro, jewel of railway engineers -- 6.3 Construction of a political and technical model around the Delhi metro -- 6.3.1 Delhi, capital of India and center of experimentation for major urban projects -- 6.3.2 National sectoral reforms, a favorable context for metros at local level -- 6.3.3 Building a metro but also a political and technical model -- 6.4 Private firms and regional states: counterweights to the Delhi metro model -- 6.4.1 The controversial arrangements of the Hyderabad metro -- 6.4.2 Mumbai's hybrid model -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 6.6 References -- Chapter 7 Non-Centralized Urban Transport: An Illustration Based on the Case of Jakarta 135 Rémi DESMOULIÈRE -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Words and things: terminological issues -- 7.2.1 Paratransit, a functional approach -- 7.2.2 Informal transport and artisanal transport: from the socioeconomic to the political -- 7.2.3 Centralization, decentralization and non-centralization -- 7.3 Operating and controlling non-centralized transport -- 7.3.1 Fragmented structures of operation -- 7.3.2 The ambivalent role of public authorities -- 7.3.3 Intermediary organizations: popular companies or cartels? -- 7.4 What place for non-centralized transport in contemporary metropolises? -- 7.4.1 "Gearboxes for metropolization?" Questions of flexibility and adaptability -- 7.4.2 Integration of non-centralized transport: experiences and sticking points -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 7.6 References -- Part 3 Active Modes of Transport and Infrastructure Policies -- Chapter 8 The Infrastructure of Walking: The Case of Mexico City Sidewalks 159 Ruth PÉREZ LÓPEZ, Jérôme MONNET and Guénola CAPRON -- 8.1 Introduction: sidewalks, a special element of urban pedestrian infrastructure -- 8.2 In Mexico City, the place of walking in the mobility system reflects social inequalities -- 8.3 The social and material production of sidewalks: methodology -- 8.4 The diversity of sidewalk functions -- 8.5 Competition and conflict between sidewalk uses -- 8.6 From uses to actors' games: the production of a negotiated order -- 8.7 Conclusion: Towards inclusive and adaptive sidewalk layouts? -- 8.8 References -- Chapter 9 Cycling Policies in Europe: The Case of Greater Lyon and Hamburg 181 Manon ESKENAZI -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Cycling infrastructure at the heart of cycling policies -- 9.3 Hamburg: cycling planning to support the development of practices -- 9.3.1 Integrating cycling into the urban strategy of the sustainable city: the carrot-without-the-stick approach -- 9.3.2 Cycling infrastructure at the heart of cycling strategy -- 9.3.3 Cycling services to build intermodality -- 9.4 Greater Lyon: relaunching practice through policies, a missed bet? -- 9.4.1 A cycling policy of plans -- 9.4.2 Infrastructure and services as the pillars of public cycling action -- 9.5 Conclusion -- 9.6 References -- Part 4 Circulation of Urban Mobility Analysis Tools and Public Policy Models -- Chapter 10 Categorical Pitfalls for Analyzing Urban Mobility 205 Hadrien COMMENGES and Florent LE NÉCHET -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Which type of data for analyzing urban mobility? -- 10.2.1 Typology of mobility data -- 10.2.2 From local surveys to attempts at international harmonization -- 10.3 Which objects describe mobility? -- 10.3.1 The trip -- 10.3.2 The mode of transport -- 10.3.3 The city -- 10.4 Categorical pitfalls: balancing diversity and comparability -- 10.4.1 The category of transport: modes and purposes for travel -- 10.4.2 Temporal categories: the typical working day -- 10.4.3 The spatial category: local urban

systems -- 10.4.4 Categories reconstructed for harmonization: ad hoc

Mechanisms -- 10.5 Discussion -- 10.6 References -- Chapter 11 Geographical Inequalities in the Analysis of Urban Mobility 243 Florent LE NÉCHET -- 11.1 Introduction.

> 11.2 Analysis of the implementation of CEREMA-type surveys in France -- 11.3 Size effects and context effects explaining why an HTS is carried out -- 11.4 Bibliometric analysis of research on urban mobility -- 11.5 Global heterogeneity of urban mobility analysis -- 11.6 Thematic specializations revealing issues for local action on mobility -- 11.7 Discussion -- 11.8 References -- Chapter 12 Circulation of Models in Africa: The Example of Bus Rapid Transit in Cape Town 265 Solène BAFFI -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The diffusion of BRT in Africa -- 12.2.1 Diffusion of an efficient transport model as a planning and urban planning tool -- 12.2.2 Stakeholders supporting this model -- 12.2.3 Limits of the circulation of the model in Africa -- 12.3 South Africa, laboratory for urban mobility projects -- 12.3.1 A long-awaited reform -- 12.3.2 BRT: symbol of post-apartheid South Africa -- 12.3.3 The Capetonian version of the BRT project: MyCiti -- 12.4 Between strong appropriation and poor adaptation, MyCiti's mixed record -- 12.4.1 An international model reappropriated to assert local power -- 12.4.2 A project ill-suited to South African specificities -- 12.4.3 Feedback effects at different levels -- 12.5 Conclusion -- 12.6 References -- List of Authors -- Index.