1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of continuous flow-routing techniques -- 3. State-space description of the spatially discretized linear kinematic wave -- 4. State-space description of the continuous Kalinin-Milyukov-Nash (KMN) cascade -- 5. State-space description of the discrete linear cascade model (DLCM) and its properties : the pulse-data system approach -- 6. The linear interpolation (LI) data system approach -- 7. DLCM and stream-aquifer interactions -- 8. Handling of model error : the deterministic-stochastic model and its prediction updating -- 9. Some practical aspects of model application for real-time operational forecasting.