Introduction -- Duverger's propositions -- On electoral systems -- Strategic voting in single-member single-ballot systems -- Strategic voting in multimember districts -- Strategic voting in single-member dual-ballot systems -- Some concluding comments on strategic voting -- Strategic voting, party labels, and entry -- Rational entry and the conservation of disproportionality : evidence from Japan -- Putting the constituencies together -- Electoral institutions, cleavage structures, and the number of parties -- Coordination failures and representation -- Coordination failures and dominant parties -- Coordination failures and realignments -- Conclusion.