Part I Bioinformatics and Other Methodologies for lncRNAs -- 1 Complexity of Mammalian Transcriptome Analyzed by RNA Deep Sequencing -- 2 Synthetic Strategies to Identify and Regulate Noncoding RNAs -- Part II Atomic and Molecular Structures of lncRNAs -- 3 Structure and Interaction with Protein of Noncoding RNA: A Case for an RNA Aptamer Against Prion Protein -- 4 Characterization of G-quadruplex DNA- and RNA-binding Protein -- Part III Molecular Functions of lncRNAs -- 5 Initiation of Transcription Generates Divergence of Long Noncoding RNAs -- 6 Beneath the Veil of Biological Complexity There Lies Long Noncoding RNA: Diverse Utilization of lncRNA in Yeast Genomes -- 7 Long Noncoding RNAs as Structural and Functional Components of Nuclear Bodies -- Part IV Biological Actions of lncRNAs -- 8 Long Noncoding RNA in Epigenetic Gene Regulation -- 9 Mechanisms of Long Noncoding Xist RNA-mediated Chromosome-wide Gene Silencing in X-chromosome Inactivation -- Part V Potential Outcomes for Clinical Medicine -- 10 Regulation of pRB and p53 Pathways by Long Noncoding RNAs, ANRIL, lincRNA-p21, lincRNA-RoR and PANDA -- 11 The Role of Androgen-regulated Long Noncoding RNAs in Prostate Cancer -- 12 Macrophage Activation as a Model System for Understanding Enhancer Transcription and eRNA Function -- 13 Long Noncoding RNA Functions as a Regulator for Steroid Hormone Receptors Related Breast and Prostate Cancers -- BM Index.