Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of figures -- Preface -- Map of Norway -- 1. Land and people, language and language planning 1 Introduction -- PART I: THE NATIONALIST PERIOD, 1814-1917 -- 2. Before the start of language planning: 1814-45 -- 3. A language based on upper-middle-class speech or peasant dialects? The programmes proposed by Knud Knudsen and Ivar Aasen -- 4. The language question becomes a major political issue: 1860-1907 -- 5. Two Norwegian written standards: is linguistic reconciliation possible? Early twentieth century up to the 1917 language reforms -- PART II: THE SOCIOPOLITICAL PERIOD, 1917-66 -- 6. The emergence of a socialist theory of language planning: a sociolinguistic experiment -- 7. The post-war language struggle (1945-66) to counter the sociolinguistic experiment of 1938 -- PART III: FROM A SINGLE-STANDARD TO A TWOSTANDARD STRATEGY -- 8. The end of the single-standard policy (1966-2002): reforms in 1981 and 2005 (for Bokmål) and 2012 (for Nynorsk) -- 9. Summary and concluding remarks -- References -- List of terms of language varieties -- Timeline for the different written varieties of Norwegian -- Timeline of important events for language planning and conflict in modern Norway -- Index