part, 8 Management of Hypertension in Carotid Stenosis / chapter 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY / chapter 2 EARLY CAROTID SURGERY -- chapter 4 CAROTID ANGIOPLASTY -- chapter 5 INTERVENTION FOR ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID STENOSIS -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 2 Epidemiology of Carotid Artery Stenosis / chapter 1 Pathophysiology / chapter 4 Carotid Imaging—Is Angiography Still Needed? / chapter 5 Carotid Imaging: Use of Ultrasound / chapter 6 Antithrombotic Therapy for Carotid Artery Stenosis / chapter 7 Stroke Prevention, Blood Cholesterol, and Statins / chapter 1 DOES THE TYPE OF MEDICATION MATTER? -- chapter 3 Is it Safe to Treat Hypertension in Patients with Severe Stenosis? -- chapter 4 Conclusions -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 1 INTRODUCTION / chapter 2 METABOLISM OF HOMOCYST(E)INE -- chapter 3 HOMOCYST(E)INE AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF ATHEROTHROMBOSIS -- chapter 4 HYPERHOMOCYST(E)INEMIA AND THE RISK OF CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS -- chapter Table 1 -- chapter ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- chapter 10 Diet in the Management of Patients with Carotid Stenosis / chapter 1 INTRODUCTION / chapter 2 VASCULOGENESIS AND ANGIOGENESIS -- chapter 3 ANGIOGENIC GROWTH FACTORS AND THE CORRESPONDING RECEPTORS -- chapter 4 EXAMPLES OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS USED DURING ANGIOGENESIS -- chapter 5 Balancing Pro-Angiogenesis and Anti- Angiogenesis -- chapter 7 BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR AND THERAPEUTIC ANGIOGENESIS -- chapter 8 Clinical Trials Testing the Safety and Efficacy of FGF-2 -- chapter 8 3. Surgical Delivery of Sustained-Release FGF-2 -- chapter 9 BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR IN STUDIES OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE -- chapter 10 POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF FGF-2 AS AN EXAMPLE OF AN ANGIOGENIC GROWTH FACTOR -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 1 WHAT IS THE RISK OF CEA FOR SYMPTOMATIC STENOSIS? / chapter 2 WHAT IS THE RISK OF CEA FOR ASYMPTOMATIC STENOSIS? -- chapter 3 DOES THE TYPE OF PRESENTING SYMPTOM MATTER? -- chapter 5 DOES AGE MATTER? -- chapter 6 DOES TIMING MATTER? -- chapter 7 SUMMARY -- chapter 1 WHICH RANGE OF STENOSIS? / chapter 2 WHAT ABOUT NEAR-OCCLUSIONS? -- chapter 3 Which Subgroups Benefit Most? -- chapter Table 1 -- chapter 4 HOW SOON SHOULD SURGERY BE PERFORMED? -- chapter 5 Which Individuals Benefit Most? -- chapter Table 2 -- chapter 6 SUMMARY -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 14 Management of Carotid Artery Disease: Carotid Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis / chapter 15 Surgical Controversies / part, 16 Symptomatic Carotid Artery Occlusion: Extracranial Intracranial Bypass and Other Treatment Options / chapter 1 HOW TO IDENTIFY PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK OF RECURRENT ISCHEMIC STROKE? -- chapter 2 TREATMENT OPTIONS 2.1. Extracranial Intracranial Bypass -- chapter 2 2. Other Treatment Options -- chapter 3 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- chapter ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- chapter 1 INTRODUCTION / chapter 2 RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY -- chapter 5 CASE SERIES -- chapter Table 1 Case-Series of Carotid Stenting Procedures -- chapter 6 RANDOMIZED TRIALS -- chapter Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of CAVATAS Patients -- chapter Table 3 Thirty-Day Outcome Events in CAVATAS -- chapter 7 META-ANALYSIS OF THE RANDOMIZED TRIALS -- chapter 8 THE ROLE OF CEREBRAL PROTECTION DEVICES -- chapter 9 THE FUTURE OF CAROTID STENTING -- chapter 12 CONCLUSION -- chapter 1 INTRODUCTION / chapter 3 COMPARATIVE CLINICAL TRIALS -- chapter Table 1 Select Features of Patients in the ARCHeR Trials (n¼ 581) -- chapter 4 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS -- chapter 5 FUTURE EXPECTATIONS -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 1 INTRODUCTION / chapter 2 ANGIOPLASTY AND STENTING FOR CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION -- chapter 3 ANGIOPLASTY FOR RADIATION-INDUCED CAROTID STENOSIS -- chapter 5 TAKAYASU’S DISEASE -- chapter 6 INTRACRANIAL VASCULITIS -- chapter REFERENCES -- chapter 20 Controversies in Endovascular Therapy for Carotid Artery Stenosis