This work covers Vietnamese culture from its origins to the present. Vietnamese culture is heterogeneous, reflecting the country's shifting geography and multiple peoples over the past two thousand years. It has maintained its independent nature while at the same time interacting closely with China and other Southeast Asian communities. The book is divided into seven parts: Vietnamese origins, the Buddhist era, the Confucian era, the Trinh-Nguyen and Tay Son eras, the Nguyen dynasty, the Colonial era, and the era of independence.