Intro -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- Pioneers of Inorganic Geochemistry of Coal -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Analytical methods for elements in coal -- 2.1. Coal sampling -- 2.2. Determination methods for concentrations of elements in coal -- 2.3. Analytical methods for modes of occurrence of elements in coal -- Chapter 3. Abundance of elements in coal -- 3.1. Element concentrations on a whole-coal basis versus an ash basis -- 3.2. Classification of major and trace elements in coal based on their abundance

3.3. Estimations of concentration averages of elements in coal -- 3.4. Overall comparison of concentrations of elements in some coals -- Chapter 4. Definition of modes of occurrence of elements in coal -- 4.1. What are the modes of occurrence of elements in coal? -- 4.2. Types of modes of occurrence of elements in coal -- 4.3. Coal composition in comparison with the Earth's crust -- Chapter 5. The importance of abundance and modes of occurrence of element in coals -- 5.1. Textural evidence of the source of elements -- 5.2. Geochemical significance of elements hosted in syngenetic minerals

5.3. Economic by-product recovery -- 5.4. Technological importance (abrasion, corrosion, fouling, and slagging) -- 5.5. Environmental impacts -- 5.6. Human health impacts -- 5.7. Concluding remarks -- Chapter 6. Modes of occurrence of elements in coal -- 6.1. Major elements -- 6.2. Trace elements in coal -- 6.3. Concluding remarks -- Chapter 7. Minerals in coal as the hosts of chemical elements -- 7.1. The significance of minerals in coal -- 7.2. Minerals found in coal -- 7.3. Minerals and mineral groups as host of chemical elements -- Chapter 8. Enrichment mechanisms of elements in coal

8.1. Erosion products from sediment-source region -- 8.2. Seawater influence -- 8.3. Altered volcanic ashes in coal -- 8.4. Pore waters in coal -- 8.5. Hydrothermal fluids -- 8.6. Groundwater -- 8.7. The role of organic matter -- Chapter 9. Health impacts of the inorganic constituents in coal -- 9.1. Arsenic -- 9.2. Fluorine -- 9.3. Selenium -- 9.4. Iodine -- 9.5. Mercury -- 9.6. Naturally-occurring radioactive materials -- 9.7. Uncontrolled coal fires -- 9.8. Health impacts of coal mining -- 9.9. Premature deaths -- Chapter 10. Critical elements in coal

10.1. Significance of critical element recovery from coal ash -- 10.2. Overview of some critical elements in coal -- 10.3. Benefits and future prospects -- 10.4. REY in coal: classification, economic evaluation, and origin -- 10.5. REY in coal: anomalies and controlling factors -- 10.6. The Yili coal-hosted uranium deposit: case study -- 10.7. The Wulantuga Ge deposit: case study -- 10.8. Ga, Li, Al and REY in Jungar coals: case study -- 10.9. REY in the Fire Clay coal, Central Appalachians, USA: case study -- Chapter 11. Future directions and applications -- References -- Index