New cataract removal techniques, anesthesia and viscoelastic substances, and the implantation of modern intraocular lenses are essential topics in the fast developing field of ophthalmic surgery. This publication provides a comprehensive update discussing these items thoroughly. Special emphasis is given to the management of mature cataract and phacoemulsification in the vitreous cavity. Intraocular lens calculation is highlighted by optical coherence biometry, in particular, the measurements to increase the predictability of intraocular lens implantation. Implantation techniques, incision architecture and wound construction as well as Scheimpflug-photography of foldable intraocular lenses and the prevention of PCO (posterior capsular opacification) are covered. The last two articles emphasize the implantation of special intraocular lenses including piggyback intraocular lens and multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Anterior eye segment surgeons looking for an update on modern cataract surgery will find a wealth of timely information on new techniques and results in small incision cataract surgery in this publication.