This book provides a comprehensive study of structural design and optimization of different truss structures for size, shape, and topology of structure. It describes truss optimization based on into three categories: size optimization, shape optimization, and topology optimization. It also studies the performance of metaheuristic algorithms developed after 2011 for truss optimization problems. The results highlight the best approach to achieve the best performance of the structural design. Pseudo codes of all the methods are provided at the end of the book so that it can be used by the researchers, practitioners, and students to test it for different real-world systems. This book ideal for structural design engineers to realize the appropriate systems with properly optimized parameters as well as designers, practitioners, consultants involved in structural designs, researchers, academics, and graduate students in mechanical, civil, and architectural engineering.