Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Immersion Education in Ireland: Origins and Current Context -- 3. Language Learning in Immersion Education in Ireland and Internationally -- 4. Design of Studies -- 5. An Analysis of a Corpus of the Spoken Irish of All-Irish Pupils -- 6. Pupils' Refl ections on Their Communicative Performance in Irish -- 7. Use of Irish Outside the Classroom -- 8. Principal and Class Teacher Interviews to Explore Pupils' Profi ciency in Spoken Irish or French -- 9. Discussion -- References -- Appendix A: Pupil Questionnaire - Attitude/ Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) -- Appendix B: Interview Schedule for Irish/French Immersion Teachers -- Index