Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of figures and maps -- List of tables -- Introduction: Standardization, counterstandardization, and unit-thinking -- Chapter 1 Language standardization and counterstandardization: Theories, minority empowerment, and language education -- Chapter 2 "My world has expanded": Students' counter-meta-standardization in language courses -- Chapter 3 Meta-standardization and counter-metastandardization in Italian language classes for tourists -- Chapter 4 The dynamics of standardization in Yaeyaman language reclamation in the Ryukyus: Master-Apprentice initiatives with Yaeyaman language learners -- Chapter 5 Practicing counter-meta-standardization in Japanese-as-a-Foreign-Language classroom in the US -- Chapter 6 Challenging the notion of "standard" in Japanese language education in the U.S. and Canada -- Chapter 7 Sounds that matter: "Correct" pronunciations and its discontents towards counter-standardizations -- Conclusion: Relations of power, classroom applications, and social justice -- List of Contributors -- Index