1. Microscopy -- 2. Microtome -- 3. pH and buffers -- 4. Spectrophotometer -- 5. Centrifugation -- 6. Radiation biology -- 7. Chromatography -- 8. Separation technology -- 9. Histochemical techniques -- 10. Cytogenetics -- 11. Biomolecules -- 12. Enzymology -- 13. Membranes -- 14. Photosynthesis and respiration -- 15. Microbiology -- 16. Soil biology -- 17. Virology -- 18. Immunochemical methods -- 19. Genetic engineering -- 20. Molecular biology -- 21. Biosensors -- 22. Enzyme immobilization -- 23. Plant tissue culture -- 24. Animal cell science and technology -- 25. Bioprocess engineering -- 26. Environmental biology -- 27. Bioinformatics.