Introduction: Setting the Scene: Europe's Autonomy in Space -- European Autonomy and Policy: Strategic Autonomy in EU Space Policy - A Conceptual and Practical Exploration -- Autonomy and Dependence in Space Sciences -- Lessons for European Autonomy in Space from Past Pursuits of Energy Autonomy -- In Search of Shared Autonomy: the EU as a Restricted Foreign, Security and Defense Political Actor -- Europe's Space Security Contingencies and Preparedness -- The Pursuit of Collective Autonomy? Europe's Autonomy in "Space and Security" Lacks a Joint Vision -- European Autonomy and Space: The Need for European Independence in Space Applications -- European Access to Space: Factors of Autonomy -- European Autonomy in Space: Human Space Flight -- Technological Dependence.