Part 1: Macroevolutionary Explanations and Interpretations -- Can Modern Evolutionary Theory Explain Macroevolution? -- Evolution as a Largely Autonomous Process -- Visualizing Macroevolution: From Adaptive Landscapes to Compositions of Multiple Spaces -- Toward a Natural Philosophy of Macroevolution -- Networks and Hierarchies: Approaching Complexity in Evolutionary Theory -- Uniting Micro - with Macroevolution into an Extended Synthesis: Reintegrating Life's Natural History into Evolution Studies -- Part 2: Evidencing Macroevolution with Case Studies -- Using Microevolution to Explain the Macroevolutionary Observations for the Evolution of Sex -- Speciation: Expanding the Role of Biogeography and Niche Breadth in Macroevolutionary Theory -- Morphological Misfits and the Architecture of Development -- Macroevolution In and Around the Hominin Clade -- Facing the Big Sixth: From Prioritizing Species to Conserving Biodiversity.