chapter 1 Astrobiology: An Overview / chapter 2 Origin of Elements and Formation of Solar System, Planets, and Exoplanets / chapter 3 Astrobiology Education and Public Outreach / chapter 4 Analysis of Extraterrestrial Organic Matter in Murchison Meteorite: A Progress Report / chapter 5 Prebiotic Synthesis of Biochemical Compounds: An Overview / chapter 6 Biochemical Pathways as Evidence for Prebiotic Syntheses / chapter 7 Roles of Silicon in Life on Earth and Elsewhere / chapter 8 Fossil Records for Early Life on Earth / chapter 9 Prebiotic Chemistry: In Water and in the Solid State / chapter 10 Encapsulation of Organic Materials in Protocells / chapter 11 Role of Phosphorus in Prebiotic Chemistry / chapter 12 Cold and Dry Limits of Life / chapter 13 Microorganisms in Space / chapter 14 Search for Life on Mars: An Astrogeological Approach / chapter 15 Elusive Definition of Life: A Survey of Main Ideas / chapter 16 Language and Communication as Universal Requirements for Life / chapter 17 Transition from Abiotic to Biotic: Is There an Algorithm for It? / chapter 18 Extraterrestrial Life: What Are We Looking For? / chapter 19 Evolutionary Approach to Viruses in Astrobiology / chapter 20 Virolution Can Help Us Understand the Origin of Life / chapter 21 Can Virolution Help Us Understand Recent Human Evolution?