chapter 1 Structural and Functional Complexity of the Immune System and Its Relationship to Immunotoxicology -- chapter 2 Ecoimmunotoxicology: State of the Science -- chapter 3 Bivalves as Models for Marine Immunotoxicology -- chapter 4 Approaches and Models for the Assessment of Chemical-Induced Immunotoxicity in Fish -- chapter 5 Immunotoxicology in Marine Mammals -- chapter 6 Amphibian Models and Approaches to Immunotoxicology -- chapter 7 Earthworms as Ecosentinels for Chemical-Induced Immunotoxicity -- chapter 8 Reptiles: The Research Potential of an Overlooked Taxon in Immunotoxicology* -- chapter 9 Immunotoxicology in Terrestrial Wildlife -- chapter 10 Immune Markers in Ecotoxicology: A Comparison across Species -- chapter 11 Are Changes in the Immune System Predictive of Clinical Diseases?* -- chapter 12 Developmental Immunotoxicology in Rodent Species -- chapter 13 Gut Mucosal Immunotoxicology in Rodents -- chapter 14 The Use of Old World Nonhuman Primates as Models for Evaluating Chemical-Induced Alterations of the Immune System -- chapter 15 Practical Considerations for Toxicologic Pathology Assessment of the Immune System in Rodents and Nonhuman Primates -- chapter 16 Approaches to Immunotoxicology in Human Population Studies -- chapter 17 Guinea Pig, Mouse, and Rat Models for Safety Assessment of Protein Allergenicity -- chapter 18 Hypersensitivity Reactions: Nonrodent Animal Models -- chapter 19 Recent Developments in Allergic Contact Dermatitis -- chapter 20 Predictive Methods Specific for Human Immune Response -- chapter 21 Chemical-Induced Animal Models of Human Autoimmunity -- chapter 22 Transgenic Rodent Models in Immunotoxicology -- chapter 23 Applications of Genomics in Immunotoxicology -- chapter 24 Biomarkers of Immunotoxic Effects in the Context of Environmental Risk Assessment -- chapter 25 Toxicological Considerations: Making the Connection between Toxicologic and Immunotoxicologic Studies as These Relate to Human and Ecosystem Health -- chapter 26 Approaches to Immunotoxicity Testing: The Need for National and International Harmonization/Standardization of Immunotoxicity Methods -- chapter 27 Approaches to the Statistical Analysis of Immunotoxicologic Data in Support of Risk Assessment.