Part I. Introduction -- Chapter. 1. A fresh look at Conservation Genetics in the Neotropics -- Part. II. Species and Conservation -- Chapter. 2. DNA barcoding for assessing biodiversity -- Chapter. 3. Genetic tools for the conservation of bats -- Chapter. 4. Status quo and orchid conservation challenges in the neotropical region -- Chapter. 5. Population Differentiation with Introgression -- Part. III. Assessing and Managing Populations -- Chapter. 6. Phylogeography for neotropical species conservation: Lineages through time and space -- Chapter. 7. Landscape genetics in the Neotropics -- Chapter. 8. Integrative cytogenetics, a conservation approach in Atlantic fish: Concepts, estimates, and uses -- Chapter. 9. In situ, ex situ and on farm conservation of plant genetic resources in Neotropics -- Chapter. 10. Genetic management applied to conservation of reduced and fragmented wild populations -- Chapter. 11. Chromosome variability of manatees (Trichechus spp.) from Brazil: the state of the art, challenges and perspectives for management and conservation -- Chapter. 12. Supplemental technologies for freshwater fish conservation -- Part. IV. Wildlife Forensic Genetics, Ecotoxicology and Conservation -- Chapter. 13. Giving names to the characters: identifying, tracing and estimating the multiple use of aquatic wildlife in Brazil -- Chapter. 14. Wildlife forensic genetics: a tool for resolving wildlife crimes and support species conservation -- Chapter. 15. Environmental ecogenotoxicity and conservation -- Part. V. Assessing Molecular Ecology and Communities -- Chapter. 16. Molecular ecology in neotropical mammals: key aspects for conservation -- Chapter. 17. Molecular tools to analyze the effects of roads on wildlife in the Neotropics -- Chapter. 18. Environmental and invertebrate-derived DNA: a powerful approach for surveying and monitoring biodiversity -- Part. VI. Conservation Genomics -- Chapter. 19. Conservation genomics of neotropical carnivores -- Chapter. 20. Challenges with conservation genetics and genomics in neotropical forest -- Chapter. 21. Integrating genomic and cytogenetic data to study the evolutionary history of arapaimas and arowanas in the Neotropics -- Part. VII. Science Learning and Conservation -- Chapter. 22. Environmental Education on Practices for Biodiversity Conservation -- Chapter. 23. Phenotypic plasticity of plants in formal and non-formal education: genetics in everyday life -- Index.