Frontmatter -- Table of contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Typological evidence against universal effects of referential scales on case alignment -- 3. Descriptive scales versus comparative scales -- 4. Generalizing Scales -- 5. Differential Argument Encoding by Impoverishment -- 6. Ø-Agreement in Turkana -- 7. Defective Agree, Case Alternations, and the Prominence of Person -- 8. Prefixes, Scales and Grammatical Theory -- 9. Argument Encoding in Direction Systems and Specificity-Driven Agree -- 10. Towards a typology of split ergativity: A TAM-hierarchy for alignment splits -- 11. Split Marked-S Case Systems -- 12. Scales in real-time language comprehension: A review -- Subject index