Electrochemical Biosensors for miRNA Detection -- Electrochemical Detection of RNA.- DNA and PNA probes for DNA Detection in Electroanalytical Systems -- DNA for Non-Nucleic Acid Sensing -- Aptamers in Oncotherapy -- Genotyping of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism -- Environmentally Responsive and Bright Fluorescent Probes Possessing Dansyl-modified Oligonucleotides under Hybridization of DNA and RNA -- Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Analogues in Research and Clinical Diagnostics -- Emergent Properties and Functions of Nanoconfined Nucleic Acid Architectures -- RNA and DNA Diagnostics on Microspheres: Current and Emerging Methods -- DNA and RNA Electronic Properties for Molecular Modifications and Environmental State Diagnostics -- Mechanochemical Sensing.- Microarrays as Research Tools and Diagnostic Devices -- Quadruplex Priming Amplification (QPA) for Nucleic Acid Diagnostics.- Single-molecule strategies for DNA and RNA diagnostics -- Detection and Assessment of microRNA Expression in Human Disease.