chapter 1 The Origin of Roots / chapter 2 Characteristics and Functions of Root Systems / chapter 3 The Root Cap: Structure and Function / chapter 4 Cellular Patterning in Root Meristems: Its Origins and Significance / chapter 5 Root Hairs: Hormones and Tip Molecules / chapter 6 Secondary Growth of Roots: A Cell Biological Perspective -- chapter 7 The Kinematics of Primary Growth / chapter 8 Lateral Root Initiation / chapter 9 Functional Diversity of Various Constituents of a Single Root System / chapter 10 Biomechanics of Tree Root Anchorage / chapter 11 Root Systems of Arboreal Plants / chapter 12 Root-Shoot Relations: Optimality in Acclimation and Adaptation or the Emperor's New Clothes�? -- chapter 13 Root Life Span, Efficiency, and Turnover / chapter 14 Maize Root System and Genetic Analysis of Its Formation / chapter 15 Root Architecture�Wheat as a Model Plant / chapter 16 Banana Roots: Architecture and Genetics / chapter 17 Molecular Root Bioengineering / chapter 18 Root Research Methods / chapter 19 Aeroponics: A Tool for Root Research Under Minimal Environmental Restrictions -- chapter 20 Use of Microsensors for Studying the Physiological Activity of Plant Roots / chapter 21 Rooting of Micropropagules / chapter 22 Modeling Root System Architecture / chapter 23 Auxins in the Biology of Roots -- chapter 24 Gibberellins / chapter 25 Roots and Cytokinins / chapter 26 Abscisic Acid in Roots�Biochemistry and Physiology / chapter 27 Role of Ethylene in Coordinating Root Growth and Development / chapter 28 Root Signals / chapter 29 Environmental Sensing and Directional Growth of Plant Roots / chapter 30 Root Growth and Gravireaction: A Critical Study of Hormone and Regulator Implications -- chapter 31 Calcium and Gravitropism / chapter 32 Respiratory Patterns in Roots in Relation to Their Functioning / chapter 33 Root pH Regulation / chapter 34 Nutrient Absorption by Plant Roots: Regulation of Uptake to Match Plant Demand -- chapter 35 Dynamics of Nutrient Movement at the Soil-Root Interface / chapter 37 Simulation of Ion Uptake from the Soil / chapter 38 Soil Water Uptake and Water Transport Through Root Systems / chapter 39 Ecological Aspects of Water Permeability of Roots / chapter 40 Inorganic Carbon Utilization by Root Systems / chapter 41 Temperature Effects on Root Growth / chapter 42 Root Growth and Metabolism Under Oxygen Deficiency / chapter 43 Trace Element Stress in Roots / chapter 44 Root Growth Under Salinity Stress / chapter 45 High Soil Strength: Mechanical Forces at Play on Root Morphogenesis and in Root: Shoot Signaling -- chapter 46 Plant Roots Under Aluminum Stress: Toxicity and Tolerance / chapter 47 Root-Bacteria Interactions: Symbiotic N2 Fixation / chapter 48 Plant Growth Promotion by Rhizosphere Bacteria / chapter 49 Fungal Root Endophytes / chapter 50 Mycorrhizae�Rhizosphere Determinants of Plant Communities / chapter 51 Root-Nematode Interactions: Recognition and Pathogenicity / chapter 52 Interactions of Soilborne Pathogens with Roots and Aboveground Plant Organs -- chapter 53 Ecophysiology of Roots of Desert Plants, with Special Emphasis on Agaves and Cacti -- chapter 54 Contractile Roots / chapter 55 Roots of Banksia spp. (Proteaceae) with Special Reference to Functioning of Their Specialized Proteoid Root Clusters -- chapter 56 Ecophysiology of Roots of Aquatic Plants / chapter 57 Roots as a Source of Food / chapter 58 Underground Plant Metabolism: The Biosynthetic Potential of Roots / chapter 59 Roots as a Source of Metabolites with Medicinal Activity