Preface Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Circumstances Surrounding Dams* and the Aims of This Work 1.2 A Short History of Japan 1.3 Outline of the History of Dams in Japan 1.4 Characteristics of National Land and Dams in Japan 1.5 WCD Report and Dams in Japan 1.6 Outline of This Work. Chapter 2. Roles Played by Dams as Seen in the History of Water Use in Japan 2.1 The Development of Irrigation and Irrigation Dams 2.2 The Growth of Modern Cities and Dams for Municipal Water 2.3 Hydropower Dams that have Supported the Growth of Modern Industry 2.4 Postwar Rehabilitation and Multi-Purpose Dams the Appearance of Comprehensive River Development Dams 2.5 Dams that have Supported the Concentration of Population and Industry in Large Cities Chapter 3. Environmental and Social Impacts of Dams and Responses to These Impacts. 3.1 Dam Projects and Social Conflict 3.2 Impacts on the Social Condition in Reservoir Areas and Responses to Such Impacts 3.3 Impacts on the River Environment and Measures against These Impacts 3.4 Impacts on Habitats of Living Organisms and Measures against These Impacts 3.5 A Reflection of the Views of Citizens concerning Dam Projects and an Introduction to the Project Evaluation System Chapter 4. Roles of Dams: the Future 4.1 Changes in the Social Conditions surrounding Dams 4.2 Roles of Future Dams 4.3 Future Roles of Dams 4.4 Sustainable Use of Dams so They Can Continue to Fulfill Their Roles Reliably in the Future 4.5 Roles of People Involved in Dams Chapter 5. Summation Appendix 1. Outline of the National Administrative Organs of Japan Appendix 2. The Basic Framework of River Management System in Japan Appendix 3. Outline of the Existing Dams in Japan Appendix 4. Outline of Water Resources Development River Systems and Facilities.