Frontmatter -- ALSO BY BURTON RAFFEL -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part One: Theory and Linguistics -- 1 The Specific Constraints of Language; The Unavoidable Linguistic Bases of Translation -- 2 The Constraints of Specific Languages -- 3 Forms and Genres -- 4 Prosody and Comparative Prosody -- Part Two: Practice -- 5 The Subjective Element in Translation -- 6 Collaborative Translation -- 7 The Translation of Oral Poetry -- 8 The Translator's Responsibility -- Notes -- Index